Global Exports of Rare Earth Yttrium Stall, Causing Supply-Demand Crunch

Global exports of the critical rare earth yttrium have stalled, leading to a "supply-demand crunch" and soaring prices, according to an industry ministry official. Japan, a major consumer, is reportedly months away from exhausting its supply of yttrium, which is essential for manufacturing consumer electronics, LEDs, and semiconductor equipment. China accounts for nearly two-thirds of rare-earth mining production and 92% of global refined output, and Beijing has intensified pressure on Tokyo.